Binary to displayable text, any base

[ahsat]

With that option, you can use mov edi, offset somestring. /LARGEADDRESSAWARE:NO means "stick to the 32-bit world, even in 64-bit code".

I don't know. But I came here to learn 64 bit, so I am stuck with whatever exists.

[ahsat]

Thanks to jimg, I have a new routine, that is universally callable. It now checks the paramaters, saves and restores registers. The program now uses tabs instead of spaces.

I used the following link command to create the program:
polink.exe /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /LARGEADDRESSAWARE:NO /ENTRY:main /OUT:AnyBase.exe AnyBase.obj

Code Select Expand

TITLE AnyBase

OPTION PROC:PRIVATE ;Don't automatically make procs public

include \masm64\include64\masm64rt.inc

cr equ 13
lf equ 10

.data

result db 65 dup (?) ;max should be 64, plus a null     
newLine db cr, lf, 0 ;cr and lf
numb qword ? ;holds the number being converted

.CODE

;Got to keep the Sumerian happy, base 60 is the max here.
digits db '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx'
maxBase equ $-digits ;Max base number, should be 60

bin2any proc theNumber:qword,
theBase:qword,
theDestination:qword
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Original by Ray Gwinn
; Any binary number to any base.
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
push rbx ;save regs, still can't get uses to work
push rcx
push rdi

mov rdi, theDestination ;destination addr to rdi
mov rbx, theBase ;the desired base to rbx
mov rax, 1 ;rax=1
cmp rbx, rax ;test if valid base
jbe short bin30 ;br if invalid base

cmp rbx, maxBase ;test if base too large
ja short bin30 ;br if base too large

mov rax, theNumber ;get the number to rax
xor ecx, ecx ;zero rcx

@@: push rdx ;save rdx, or a digit
inc rcx ;bump count of loops
xor edx, edx ;zero rdx
div rbx ;generate next digit in rdx
test rax, rax ;test if done
jnz @b ;loop if not done

@@: mov al, digits[rdx] ;get the ascii value
stosb ;save it
pop rdx ;restore rdx, or get next digit
loop @b ;loop till all digits processed

xor eax, eax ;no error
bin30: mov byte ptr [rdi], 0 ;null terminate the string
pop rdi ;restore regs, need for uses to work
pop rcx
pop rbx
ret
bin2any endp

main proc  Public
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Program to demo any number to any base, bases 2 to 60.
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
mov rax, 123456789 ;the number to display
mov numb, rax ;save it in numb
jmp @f

m00 db cr, lf, 'This is the number we will be converting', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 10, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m00
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m04 db cr, lf, 'This is the 64 bit number, in hex', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 16, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m04
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m05 db    cr, lf, 'This is the 64 bit number, in binary', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 2, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m05
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m06 db cr, lf, 'In Sumerian Sexagesimal, base 60', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 60, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m06
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m07 db cr, lf, 'In Aztec, Myan and Kaktovik, base 20', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 20, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m07
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m08 db cr, lf, 'In Kaktovik, base 5', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 5, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m08
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m09 db cr, lf, 'In Ternary, base 3', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 3, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m09
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m10 db cr, lf, 'In Quaternary, base 4', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 4, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m10
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m11 db cr, lf, 'In Undecimal, base 11', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 11, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m11
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

@@: invoke ExitProcess, 0 ;Error code 0
ret

main endp

end

[NoCforMe]

Nice.

Still curious why you chose to use "abcdefghijkylmnop" as your Sumerian digits. Wouldn't that be confusing to any Sumerians trying to interpret your results?

[ahsat]

Still curious why you chose to use "abcdefghijkylmnop"

Its a typo, I will correct it. It has been corrected in the post. Thank you, sometimes its hard to get my attention.

[ahsat]

The 32 bit version of Anybase, and uses works there.

I used the following link command:
polink.exe /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /OUT:AnyBase32.exe AnyBase.obj

Code Select Expand

TITLE AnyBase

OPTION PROC:PRIVATE ;Don't automatically make procs public

include \masm32\include\masm32rt.inc

cr equ 13
lf equ 10

.data

result db 33 dup (?) ;max should be 32, plus a null     
newLine db cr, lf, 0 ;cr and lf
numb dword ? ;holds the number being converted

.CODE

;Got to keep the Sumerian happy, base 60 is the max here.
digits db '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx'
maxBase equ $-digits ;Max base number, should be 60

bin2any proc public uses ebx ecx edi,
theNumber:dword,
theBase:dword,
theDestination:dword
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Original by Ray Gwinn
; Any binary number to any base.
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
mov edi, theDestination ;destination addr to edi
mov ebx, theBase ;the desired base to ebx
mov eax, 1 ;eax=1
cmp ebx, eax ;test if valid base
jbe short bin30 ;br if invalid base

cmp ebx, maxBase ;test if base too large
ja short bin30 ;br if base too large

mov eax, theNumber ;get the number to eax
xor ecx, ecx ;zero ecx

@@: push edx ;save edx, or a digit
inc ecx ;bump count of loops
xor edx, edx ;zero edx
div ebx ;generate next digit in edx
test eax, eax ;test if done
jnz @b ;loop if not done

@@: mov al, digits[edx] ;get the ascii value
stosb ;save it
pop edx ;restore edx, or get next digit
loop @b ;loop till all digits processed

xor eax, eax ;no error
bin30: mov byte ptr [edi], 0 ;null terminate the string
ret
bin2any endp

entry_point proc public
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Program to demo any number to any base, bases 2 to 60.
;----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
mov eax, 123456789 ;the number to display
mov numb, eax ;save it in numb
jmp @f

m00 db cr, lf, 'This is the number we will be converting', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 10, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m00
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m04 db cr, lf, 'This is the 32 bit number, in hex', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 16, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m04
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m06 db cr, lf, 'In Sumerian Sexagesimal, base 60', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 60, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m06
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m07 db cr, lf, 'In Aztec, Myan and Kaktovik, base 20', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 20, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m07
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m08 db cr, lf, 'In Kaktovik, base 5', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 5, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m08
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m09 db cr, lf, 'In Ternary, base 3', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 3, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m09
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m10 db cr, lf, 'In Quaternary, base 4', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 4, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m10
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

m11 db cr, lf, 'In Undecimal, base 11', cr, lf, 0
@@: invoke bin2any, numb, 11, addr result

invoke StdOut, addr m11
invoke StdOut, addr result
invoke StdOut, addr newLine
jmp @f

@@: invoke ExitProcess, 0 ;Error code 0
ret

entry_point endp

end entry_point


[sinsi]

USES still works with ML64 but only with the default prologue/epilogue. I guess that MASM64's prologue doesn't bother.

[ahsat]

uses still works with ML64 but only with the default prologue/epilogue.

Can you show me in an example with code? I am sorry to be so behind and slow.

[jj2007]

I am sorry to be so behind and slow

You are remarkably fast for your age, Ray. Truth is that 64-bit code is a can of worms. The PROLOGUE macro determines what happens when you write e.g. MyAlgo proc param1, the EPILOGUE macro specifies what the "instruction" ret does (it is a macro, yeah).

In 32-bit land, uses esi simply pushes esi on entry into the proc and pops it before the ret.

I bet that 90% of our members here (sinsi excluded) don't know what uses rsi does in 64-bit code. I had to set up a 64-bit test with ml64 and launch the debugger to find out. Here is the code:

Code Select Expand

include \masm64\include64\masm64rt.inc
.code
MyAlgo proc uses rsi arg1, arg2
  ret
MyAlgo endp
entry_point proc
Local pContent:QWORD, ticks:QWORD        ; OPT_Assembler ml64
  lea rax, entry_point
  conout "The entry point is at ", hex$(rax), lf
  int 3
  invoke MyAlgo, 123h, 456h
  invoke ExitProcess, 0                        ; terminate process
entry_point endp
end
The int 3 makes the debugger stop there. When hitting F7, you see the following on entry to MyAlgo:

Code Select Expand

0000000140001069     | 48:C7C1 23010000                | mov rcx,123               |
0000000140001070     | 48:C7C2 56040000                | mov rdx,456               |
0000000140001077     | E8 84FFFFFF                     | call <sub_140001000>      |
...
0000000140001000 <su | C8 8000 00                      | enter 80,0                |
0000000140001004     | 48:83EC 60                      | sub rsp,60                |
0000000140001008     | 48:894D 10                      | mov [rbp+10],rcx          |
000000014000100C     | 48:8955 18                      | mov [rbp+18],rdx          |
0000000140001010     | C9                              | leave                     |
0000000140001011     | C3                              | ret                       |
Do you see any attempt to save rsi? I don't.

[ahsat]

I would have to set up a 64-bit test with ml64 and launch the debugger to find out.

I have, and it does nothing, zip. No pushes or pops of anything with "uses esi".

I understand what you guys are saying about 32 bit is still better to write programs with. But I want to know what Intel is selling in their 64 bit products, as well as possibility developing a few programs. So, I want to use 64 bit, if for nothing else, to learn what it does.

[sinsi]

Previously...

I'm pretty sure that include \masm64\include64\masm64rt.inc also includes a custom prologue.

[NoCforMe]

Code Select Expand

include \masm64\include64\masm64rt.inc
.code
MyAlgo proc uses rsi arg1, arg2
  ret
MyAlgo endp
entry_point proc
Local pContent:QWORD, ticks:QWORD        ; OPT_Assembler ml64
  lea rax, entry_point
  conout "The entry point is at ", hex$(rax), lf
  int 3
  invoke MyAlgo, 123h, 456h
  invoke ExitProcess, 0                        ; terminate process
entry_point endp
end

Code Select Expand

0000000140001069    | 48:C7C1 23010000                | mov rcx,123              |
0000000140001070    | 48:C7C2 56040000                | mov rdx,456              |
0000000140001077    | E8 84FFFFFF                    | call <sub_140001000>      |
...
0000000140001000 <su | C8 8000 00                      | enter 80,0                |
0000000140001004    | 48:83EC 60                      | sub rsp,60                |
0000000140001008    | 48:894D 10                      | mov [rbp+10],rcx          |
000000014000100C    | 48:8955 18                      | mov [rbp+18],rdx          |
0000000140001010    | C9                              | leave                    |
0000000140001011    | C3                              | ret                      |
Do you see any attempt to save rsi? I don't.

It's AI,man; the assembler is so smart it knows you haven't touched RSI so it doesn't bother saving and restoring it. It's a mind reader.

[sudoku]

masm64 uses "USING" (not uses) reg... and the SaveRegs/RestoreRegs  macros for saving and restoring registers.

64 bit Stackframe register preservation macros

[ahsat]

I'm pretty sure that include \masm64\include64\masm64rt.inc also includes a custom prologue.

Okay, that's great. Can you show me how to use it with code? It does not seem to work for me in Anybase.

[ahsat]

It's AI,man; the assembler is so smart it knows you haven't touched RSI so it doesn't bother saving and restoring it. It's a mind reader.

I just made sure for myself, and that is not true.

[ahsat]

masm64 uses "USING" (not uses)

Using seems to be an in line macro.